Minyororo ya Rola ya Mfululizo wa A/B, Ushuru Mzito, Bamba Moja kwa Moja, Lami Mbili
MIFUGO YA ROLLER MFULULIZO
VIGEZO VYA KIUFUNDI
GL Chain No. | Lami | Roller dia. | Upana wa ndani | Bandika dia. | Unene wa sahani | Urefu wa lami ya ndani ya sahani ya Transverse | Nguvu ya mwisho ya mvutano | Uzito takriban. | ||
ANSI | ISO | P | d1 (kiwango cha juu) | bl (dakika) | d2 (kiwango cha juu) | T | h2 | Pt | Q | q |
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | kN | kg/m | ||
*25-1 | 04C | 6.35 | 3.30 | 3.18 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 6 | 3.5 | 0.15 | |
*35-1 | 06C | 9.525 | 5.08 | 4.77 | 3.58 | 1.30 | 9 | 10.13 | 7.9 | 0.33 |
*35-2 *35-3 | 15.8 23.7 | 0.63 1.05 | ||||||||
41-1 | 085 | 12.70 | 7.77 | 6.25 | 3.58 | 1.25 | 9.91 | 6.67 | 0.41 | |
40-1 | 08A | 12.70 | 7.92 | 7.85 | 3.98 | 1.50 | 12.07 | 13.90 | 0.66 | |
40-2 | 14.38 | 27.80 | 1.30 | |||||||
40-3 | 41.70 | 1.96 | ||||||||
50-1 | 10A | 15.875 | 10.16 | 9.40 | 5.09 | 2.06 | 15.09 | 21.80 | 1.10 | |
50-2 50-3 | 18.11 | 43.60 65.40 | 2.14 3.20 | |||||||
60-1 | 12A | 19.05 | 11.91 | 12.57 | 5.96 | 2.44 | 18.10 | 31.30 | 1.53 | |
60-2 | 22.78 | 62.60 | 3.00 | |||||||
60-3 | 93.90 | 4.50 | ||||||||
80-1 | 16A | 25.40 | 15.88 | 15.75 | 7.94 | 3.26 | 24.13 | 55.60 | 2.63 | |
80-2 80-3 | 29.29 | 111.20 166.80 | 5.24 7.83 | |||||||
100-1 | 20A | 31.75 | 19.05 | 18.90 | 9.54 | 4.00 | 30.17 | 78.00 | 4.03 | |
100-2 | 35.76 | 174.00 | 8.02 | |||||||
100-3 | 261.00 | 12.00 |
GL Chain No. | Lami | Roller dia. | Upana wa ndani | Bandika dia. | Unene wa sahani | Urefu wa sahani ya ndani | Lami ya kupita | Nguvu ya mwisho ya mvutano. | Uzito takriban | |
ANSI | ISO | P | d1(kiwango cha juu) | b1(dakika) | d2(kiwango cha juu) | T | h2 | Pt | Q | q |
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | kN | kg/m | ||
120-1 | 24A | 38.10 | 22.23 | 25.22 | 11.11 | 4.80 | 36.20 | 125.00 | 5.94 | |
120-2 | 45.44 | 250.00 | 11.84 | |||||||
120-3 | 375.00 | 17.69 | ||||||||
140-1 | 28A | 44.45 | 25.40 | 25.22 | 12.71 | 5.65 | 42.23 | 170.00 | 7.62 | |
140-2 | 48.87 | 340.00 | 15.20 | |||||||
140-3 | 510.00 | 22.84 | ||||||||
160-1 | 32A | 50.80 | 28.58 | 31.55 | 14.29 | 6.45 | 48.26 | 223.00 | 10.20 | |
160-2 | 58.55 | 446.00 | 20.25 | |||||||
160-3 | 669.00 | 30.31 | ||||||||
180-1 | 36A | 57.15 | 35.71 | 35.48 | 17.46 | 7.25 | 54.30 | 281.00 | 13.96 | |
180-2 | 65.84 | 562.00 | 27.90 | |||||||
180-3 | 843.00 | 41.82 | ||||||||
200-1 | 40A | 63.50 | 39.68 | 37.85 | 19.85 | 8.00 | 60.33 | 347.00 | 16 90 | |
200-2 | 71.55 | 694.00 | 33.80 | |||||||
200-3 | 1041.00 | 50.60 | ||||||||
240-1 | 48A | 76.20 | 47.63 | 47.35 | 23.81 | 9.50 | 72.39 | 500.00 | 22.90 | |
240-2 | 87.83 | 1000.00 | 45.80 | |||||||
240-3 | 1500.00 | 68.70 |
B SERIES ROLLER CHAINS
GL Chain No. | Lami | Roller dia. | Upana wa ndani | Bandika dia. | Unene wa sahani | Urefu wa sahani ya ndani | Lami ya kupita | Nguvu ya mwisho ya mvutano | Uzito takriban. |
ISO ya ANSI | P | d1(kiwango cha juu) | b1(dakika) | d2(kiwango cha juu) | T | h2 | Pt | Q | q |
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | kN | kg/m | |
03B-1 | 5 | 3.2 | 2.50 | 1.49 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 0.08 | ||
04B-1 | 6 | 4 | 2.8 | 1.85 | 0.6 | 5 | 3 | 0.11 | |
05B-1 05B-2 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2.31 | 0.8 | 7.1 | 5.64 | 5 | 0.19 |
7.8 | 0.33 | ||||||||
06B-1 | 9.525 | 6.35 | 5.72 | 3.28 | 1.3 | 8.2 | 9 | 0.41 | |
06B-2 06B-3 | 10.24 | 16.9 | 0.77 | ||||||
24.9 | 1.16 | ||||||||
08B-1 | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.75 | 4.45 | 1.6 | 11.81 | 17.80 | 0.74 | |
08B-2 08B-3 | 13.92 | 31.10 | 1.47 | ||||||
44.50 | 2.20 | ||||||||
10B-1 | 15.875 | 10.16 | 9.65 | 5.08 | 1.7 | 14.73 | 22.20 | 0.95 | |
10B-2 10B-3 | 16.59 | 44.50 | 1.88 | ||||||
66.70 | 2.81 | ||||||||
12B-1 | 19.05 | 12.07 | 11.68 | 5.72 | 1.85 | 16.13 | 28.90 | 1.25 | |
12B-2 | 19.46 | 57.80 | 2.45 | ||||||
12B-3 | 86.70 | 3.65 | |||||||
16B-1 | 25.40 | 15.88 | 17.02 | 8.28 | 4.09/3.10 | 21.08 | 60.00 | 2.90 | |
16B-2 | 31.88 | 106.00 | 5.85 | ||||||
16B-3 | 160.00 | 8.75 | |||||||
20B-1 | 31.75 | 19.05 | 19.56 | 10.19 | 4.60/3.60 | 26.42 | 95.00 | 4.16 | |
20B-2 20B-3 | 36.45 | 170.00 | 8.25 | ||||||
250.00 | 12.00 |
GL Chain No. | Lami | Roller dia. | Upana wa ndani | Bandika dia. | Unene wa sahani | Urefu wa sahani ya ndani | Lami ya kupita | Nguvu ya mwisho ya mvutano | Uzito takriban. |
ISO ya ANSI | P | d1(kiwango cha juu) | b1(dakika) | d2(kiwango cha juu) | T | h2 | Pt | Q | q |
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | kN | kg/m | |
24B-1 | 38.10 | 25.40 | 25.40 | 14.63 | 5.80/4.80 | 33.40 | 160.00 | 7.41 | |
24B-2 | 48.36 | 280.00 | 14.75 | ||||||
24B-3 | 425.00 | 22.10 | |||||||
28B-1 | 44.45 | 27.94 | 30.99 | 15.90 | 7.50/6.50 | 37.08 | 200.00 | 9.36 | |
28B-2 | 59.56 | 360.00 | 18.52 | ||||||
28B-3 | 530.00 | 27.70 | |||||||
32B-1 | 50.80 | 29.21 | 30.99 | 17.81 | 7.00/6.00 | 42.29 | 250.00 | 9.94 | |
32B-2 | 58.55 | 450.00 | 19.60 | ||||||
32B-3 | 670.00 | 29.26 | |||||||
40B-1 | 63.50 | 39.37 | 38.10 | 22.89 | 8.50/7.50 | 52.96 | 355.00 | 17.17 | |
40B-2 | 72.29 | 630.00 | 34.10 | ||||||
40B-3 | 950.00 | 51.20 | |||||||
48B-1 | 76.20 | 48.26 | 45.72 | 29.24 | 11.70/10.00 | 63.88 | 560.00 | 25.34 | |
48B-2 | 91.21 | 1000.00 | 50.35 | ||||||
48B-3 | 1500.00 | 75.50 | |||||||
56B-1 | 88.90 | 53.98 | 53.34 | 34.32 | 1.35/12 | 77.85 | 850.00 | 38.02 | |
56B-2 | 106.60 | 1600.00 | 76.00 | ||||||
64B-1 | 101.60 | 63.50 | 60.96 | 39.40 | 15/13 | 90.17 | 1120.00 | 48.80 | |
64B-2 | 119.89 | 2000.00 | 96.60 | ||||||
72B-1 | 114.30 | 72.39 | 68.58 | 44.48 | 17/15 | 103.63 | 1400.00 | 63.50 | |
72B-2 | 136.27 | 2500.00 | 126.50 |
LAMI FUPI CHENI ZA ROLLER NZITO
GL Chain No. | Lami | Roller dia. | Upana wa ndani | Bandika dia. | Unene wa sahani | Urefu wa sahani ya ndani | Lami ya kupita | Nguvu ya mwisho ya mvutano | Uzito takriban. | |
ANSI | ISO | P | d1(kiwango cha juu) | b1(dakika) | d2(kiwango cha juu) | T | h2 | Pt | Q | q |
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | kN | kg/m | ||
50H-1 | 10AH | 15.875 | 10.16 | 9.40 | 5.09 | 2.44 | 15.09 | 21.80 | 1.30 | |
50H-2 | 19.60 | 43.60 | 2.58 | |||||||
50H-3 | 65.40 | 3.85 | ||||||||
60H-1 | 12AH | 19.05 | 11.91 | 12.57 | 5.96 | 3.26 | 18.10 | 31.30 | 1.87 | |
60H-2 | 26.11 | 62.60 | 3.71 | |||||||
60H-3 | 93.90 | 5.54 | ||||||||
80H-1 | 16AH | 25.40 | 15.88 | 15.75 | 7.94 | 4.00 | 24.13 | 55.60 | 3.10 | |
80H-2 | 32.59 | 111.20 | 6.10 | |||||||
80H-3 | 166.80 | 9.10 | ||||||||
100H-1 | 20AH | 31.75 | 19.05 | 18.90 | 9.54 | 4.80 | 30.17 | 87.00 | 4.64 | |
100H-2 | 39.09 | 174.00 | 9.14 | |||||||
100H-3 | 261.00 | 13.64 | ||||||||
120H-1 | 24AH | 38.10 | 22.23 | 25.22 | 11.11 | 5.65 | 36.20 | 125.00 | 6.50 | |
120H-2 | 48.87 | 250.00 | 12.80 | |||||||
120H-3 | 375.00 | 19.10 | ||||||||
140H-1 | 28AH | 44.45 | 25.40 | 25.22 | 12.71 | 6.40 | 42.23 | 170.00 | 8.30 | |
140H-2 | 52.20 | 340.00 | 16.30 | |||||||
140H-3 | 510.00 | 24.30 | ||||||||
160H-1 | 32AH | 50.80 | 28.58 | 31.55 | 14.29 | 7.20 | 48.26 | 223.00 | 11.07 | |
160H-2 | 61.90 | 446.00 | 21.97 | |||||||
160H-3 | 669.00 | 32.87 | ||||||||
180H-1 | 36AH | 57.15 | 35.71 | 35.48 | 17.46 | 8.00 | 54.30 | 281.00 | 14.90 | |
180H-2 | 69.16 | 562.00 | 29.56 | |||||||
180H-3 | 843.00 | 44.22 | ||||||||
200H-1 | 40AH | 63.50 | 39.68 | 37.85 | 19.85 | 9.50 | 60.33 | 347.00 | 20.00 | |
200H-2 | 78.31 | 694.00 | 39.50 | |||||||
200H-3 | 1041.00 | 59.00 | ||||||||
240H-1 | 48AH | 76.20 | 47.63 | 47.35 | 23.81 | 13.00 | 72.39 | 500.00 | 30.00 | |
240H-2 | 101.22 | 1000.00 | 59.50 | |||||||
240H-3 | 1500.00 | 89.00 |
MIFUGO FUPI YA ROLLER ILIYO MOJA KWA MOJA (MFUMO)
GL Chain No. | Lami | Roller dia. | Upana wa ndani | Bandika dia. | Unene wa sahani | Kina cha sahani | Lami ya kupita | Urefu wa pini | Nguvu ya mwisho ya mvutano | Uzito takriban. | |
ANSI | ISO | P | d1(kiwango cha juu) | b1(dakika) | d2(kiwango cha juu) | T | h2 | Pt | L | Q | q |
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | kN | kg/m | ||
C40-1 | C08A | 12.70 | 7.92 | 7.85 | 3.98 | 1.50 | 12.07 | 17.80 | 13.90 | 0.75 | |
C40-2 | 14.38 | 32.30 | 27.80 | 1.47 | |||||||
C40-3 | 48.70 | 41.70 | 2.19 | ||||||||
C50-1 | C10A | 15.875 | 10.16 | 9.40 | 5.09 | 2.05 | 15.09 | 21.80 | 21.80 | 1.24 | |
C50-2 | 18.11 | 39.90 | 43.60 | 2.44 | |||||||
C50-3 | 57.90 | 65.40 | 3.64 | ||||||||
C60-1 | C12A | 19.05 | 11.91 | 12.57 | 5.96 | 2.42 | 18.10 | 26.80 | 31.30 | 1.76 | |
C60-2 | 22.78 | 49.60 | 62.60 | 3.53 | |||||||
C60-3 | 72.40 | 93.90 | 5.28 | ||||||||
C80-1 | C16A | 25.40 | 15.88 | 15.75 | 7.94 | 3.23 | 24.13 | 33.50 | 55.60 | 2.97 | |
C80-2 | 29.29 | 62.70 | 111.20 | 5.90 | |||||||
C80-3 | 91.90 | 166.80 | 8.85 | ||||||||
C100-1 | C20A | 31.75 | 19.05 | 18.90 | 9.54 | 4.00 | 30.17 | 41.10 | 87.00 | 4.58 | |
C100-2 | 35.76 | 77.00 | 174.00 | 9.13 | |||||||
C100-3 | 113.00 | 261.00 | 13.68 | ||||||||
C120-1 | C24A | 38.10 | 22.23 | 25.22 | 11.11 | 4.80 | 36.20 | 50.50 | 125.00 | 6.80 | |
C120-2 | 45.44 | 96.30 | 250.00 | 13.55 | |||||||
C120-3 | 141.70 | 375.00 | 20.30 | ||||||||
C140-1 | C28A | 44.45 | 25.40 | 25.22 | 12.71 | 5.60 | 42.23 | 54.90 | 170.00 | 8.50 | |
C140-2 | 48.87 | 103.60 | 340.00 | 16.95 | |||||||
C140-3 | 152.40 | 510.00 | 25.40 | ||||||||
C160-1 | C32A | 50.80 | 28.58 | 31.55 | 14.29 | 6.40 | 48.26 | 65.50 | 223.00 | 11.60 | |
C160-2 | 58.55 | 124.20 | 446.00 | 23.10 | |||||||
C160-3 | 182.90 | 669.00 | 34.60 | ||||||||
C180-1 | C36A | 57.15 | 35.71 | 35.48 | 17.46 | 7.20 | 54.30 | 74.28 | 281.00 | 15.20 | |
C180-2 | 65.84 | 140.12 | 562.00 | 29.70 | |||||||
C180-3 | 205.96 | 843.00 | 45.30 | ||||||||
C200-1 | C40A | 63.50 | 39.68 | 37.85 | 19.85 | 8.00 | 60.33 | 80.20 | 374.00 | 18.60 | |
C200-2 | 71.55 | 151.75 | 694.00 | 36.50 | |||||||
C200-3 | 223.30 | 1041.00 | 55.60 |
MIFUGO FUPI YA ROLLER ILIYO MOJA KWA MOJA(B MFULULIZO)
GL Chain No. | Lami | Roller dia. | Upana wa ndani | Bandika dia. | Unene wa sahani | Kina cha sahani | Lami ya kupita | Urefu wa pini | Nguvu ya mwisho ya mvutano | Uzito takriban. |
ISO ya ANSI | P | d1(kiwango cha juu) | b1(dakika) | d2(kiwango cha juu) | T | h2 | Pt | L | Q | q |
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | kN | kg/m | |
C08B-1 | 12.7 | 8.51 | 7.75 | 4.45 | 1.60 | 11.81 | 17.00 | 17.80 | 0.80 | |
C08B-1 | 13.92 | 31.00 | 31.10 | 1.58 | ||||||
C08B-1 | 44.90 | 45.50 | 2.36 | |||||||
C10B-1 | 15.875 | 10.16 | 9.65 | 5.08 | 1.70 | 14.73 | 19.60 | 22.20 | 1.01 | |
C10B-2 | 16.59 | 36.20 | 44.50 | 2 | ||||||
C10B-3 | 52.80 | 66.70 | 2.99 | |||||||
C12B-1 | 19.05 | 12.07 | 11.68 | 5.72 | 1.85 | 16.13 | 22.70 | 28.90 | 1.31 | |
C12B-2 | 19.46 | 42.20 | 57.80 | 2.60 | ||||||
C12B-3 | 61.70 | 86.70 | 3.89 | |||||||
C16B-1 | 25.40 | 15.88 | 17.02 | 8.28 | 4.0/3.0 | 21.08 | 36.10 | 60 | 2.97 | |
C16B-2 | 31.88 | 68.00 | 106 | 5.89 | ||||||
C16B-3 | 99.90 | 160 | 8.81 | |||||||
C20B-1 | 31.75 | 19.05 | 19.56 | 10.19 | 4.5Z3.5 | 26.42 | 43.20 | 95 | 4.12 | |
C20B-2 | 36.45 | 79.70 | 170 | 8.16 | ||||||
C20B-3 | 116.10 | 250 | 12.20 | |||||||
C24B-1 | 38.10 | 25.40 | 25.40 | 14.63 | 6.0/4.8 | 33.40 | 53.40 | 160 | 7.52 | |
C24B-2 | 48.36 | 101.80 | 280 | 14.87 | ||||||
C24B-3 | 150.20 | 425 | 22.22 | |||||||
C28B-1 | 44.45 | 27.94 | 30.99 | 15.90 | 7.5/6.0 | 37.05 | 65.10 | 200 | 9.87 | |
C28B-2 | 59.56 | 124.70 | 360 | 19.54 | ||||||
C28B-3 | 184.30 | 530 | 29.21 | |||||||
C32B-1 | 50.80 | 29.21 | 30.99 | 17.81 | 7.0/6.35 | 42.29 | 67.40 | 250 | 10.53 | |
C32B-2 | 58.55 | 126.00 | 450 | 20.78 | ||||||
C32B-3 | 184.50 | 670 | 31.03 | |||||||
C40B-1 | 63.50 | 39.37 | 38.10 | 22.89 | 8.0/8.4 | 52.96 | 82.50 | 355 | 17.30 | |
C40B-2 | 72.29 | 154.79 | 630 | 34.50 | ||||||
C40B-3 | 227.08 | 950 | 51.90 | |||||||
C48B-1 | 76.20 | 48.26 | 45.72 | 29.24 | 9.9/11.8 | 63.88 | 99.00 | 560 | 25.90 | |
C48B-2 | 91.21 | 190.21 | 1000 | 51.20 | ||||||
C48B-3 | 281.42 | 1500 | 76.25 |
MIFUNGUO DOUBLE LAMI YA MABADILIKO
GL Chain No. | Lami | Roller dia. | Upana wa ndani | Bandika dia. | Unene wa sahani | Urefu wa sahani ya ndani | Nguvu ya mwisho ya mvutano | Uzito takriban. | |
ANSI | ISO | P | d1(kiwango cha juu) | b1(dakika) | d2(kiwango cha juu) | t/T | h2 | Q | q |
mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | kN | kg/m | ||
A2040 | 208A | 25.40 | 7.92 | 7 85 | 3.98 | 1.50 | 12.07 | 13.90 | 0.42 |
A2050 | 21OA | 31.75 | 10.16 | 9.40 | 5.09 | 2.06 | 15.09 | 21.80 | 0.70 |
A2060 | 212A | 38.10 | 11.91 | 12.57 | 5.96 | 2.44 | 18.10 | 31.30 | 1.00 |
A2080 | 216A | 50.80 | 15.88 | 15.75 | 7.94 | 3.26 | 24.13 | 55.60 | 1.76 |
A2100 | 220A | 63.50 | 19.05 | 18.90 | 9.54 | 4.00 | 30.17 | 87.00 | 2.55 |
A2120 | 224A | 76.20 | 22.23 | 25.22 | 11.11 | 4.80 | 36.20 | 125.00 | 4.06 |
A2140 | 228A | 88.90 | 25.40 | 25.22 | 12.71 | 5.60 | 42.23 | 170.00 | 5.12 |
A2160 | 232A | 101.60 | 28.58 | 31.55 | 14.29 | 6.40 | 48.26 | 223.00 | 7.02 |
A2040H | 208AH | 25.40 | 7.92 | 7.85 | 3.98 | 2.03 | 12.07 | 13.90 | 0.56 |
A2050H | 210AH | 31.75 | 10.16 | 9.40 | 5.09 | 2.44 | 15.09 | 21.80 | 0.85 |
A2060H | 212AH | 38.10 | 11.91 | 12.57 | 5.96 | 3.25 | 18.10 | 31.30 | 1.44 |
A2080H | 216AH | 50.80 | 15.88 | 15.75 | 7.94 | 4.00 | 24.13 | 55.60 | 2.25 |
A2100H | 220AH | 63.50 | 19.05 | 18.90 | 9.54 | 4.80 | 30.17 | 87.00 | 3.6 |
A2120H | 224AH | 76.20 | 22.23 | 25.22 | 11.11 | 5.60 | 36.20 | 125.00 | 5.12 |
A2160H | 232AH | 101.60 | 28.58 | 31.55 | 14.29 | 7.20 | 48.26 | 223.00 | 7.94 |
208B | 25.40 | 8.51 | 7.75 | 4.45 | 1.60 | 11.81 | 17.80 | 0.52 | |
210B | 31.75 | 10.16 | 9.65 | 5.08 | 1.70 | 14.73 | 22.20 | 0.63 | |
212B | 38.10 | 12.07 | 11.68 | 5.72 | 1.85 | 16.13 | 28.90 | 0.78 | |
216B | 50.80 | 15.88 | 17.02 | 8.28 | 4.10/3.10 | 21.08 | 60.00 | 1.88 | |
220B | 63.50 | 19.05 | 19.56 | 10.19 | 4.60/3.60 | 26.42 | 95.00 | 2.65 | |
224B | 76.20 | 25.40 | 25.4 | 14.63 | 5.80/4.80 | 33.40 | 160.00 | 4.77 | |
228B | 88.90 | 27.94 | 30.99 | 15.90 | 7.50/6.50 | 37.08 | 200.00 | 6.30 | |
232B | 101.60 | 29.21 | 30.99 | 17.81 | 7.00/6.00 | 42.29 | 250.00 | 6.79 |
Msururu wa usambazaji wa GL uliotengenezwa kama kiwango cha ISO/BS/ANSI, mapokezi bora yanayotokana na -kuthaminiwa kwa ubora wake, kiuchumi- yamesababisha pato kubwa na kubwa zaidi.
Msururu wetu mpana wa minyororo ni pamoja na miundo maarufu zaidi kama vile mnyororo wa roller (moja, mbili na tatu) yenye sahani za upande zilizonyooka, safu nzito, na bidhaa zinazohitajika zaidi za mnyororo wa usafirishaji, mnyororo wa kilimo, mnyororo wa kimya, mnyororo wa saa na nyingi. aina zingine ambazo zinaweza kuonekana kwenye orodha. Aidha, sisi kuzalisha mnyororo na viambatisho na kwa michoro ya wateja na specifikationer.
Kuhusu nyenzo za utengenezaji, minyororo ya GL hutolewa kwa chuma na chuma cha pua (kwa kufanya kazi katika mazingira yenye ulikaji, pamoja na chakula, bidhaa za kemikali na dawa), chuma cha nikeli (kinachofaa kwa kazi ya nje), zinki iliyopigwa au mabati.
Wakati wa mchakato wa utengenezaji, tunaweka vidhibiti vikali zaidi kwenye mikondo ya sahani za kiunganishi, kung'arisha kwa kuchuna kwa risasi, kupima mkazo wa awali na ugumu ili kuhakikisha ubora mzuri.